ORCID

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1539-6143

Date of Award

2026

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

MS in Neuroscience

Department

Biological Sciences

First Advisor

Robert Kozol

Second Advisor

Matteo Ruggiu

Third Advisor

Xue Mei

Abstract

Gene-drug interactions are fundamental to understanding variability in drug response and therapeutic efficacy. In this project, we leverage the natural genetic divergence between ecotype morphs of the blind Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus) to investigate differential responses to neuroactive compounds—specifically, the convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and the anxiolytic Buspirone Hydrochloride. Astyanax Mexicanus is a tetra species consisting of both surface-dwelling (ancestral) and cave-dwelling (mutant) populations that have highly variable genetic backgrounds. Independently evolved populations of cavefish exhibit a suite of convergent traits that can be functionally interrogated to discover new genetic functions and interactions. These attributes make A. mexicanus an ideal model for probing gene-drug interactions in the context of drug efficacy and discovering novel pathways for already approved FDA drugs. We created this pilot project as a proof-of-concept, utilizing past genetic discoveries in serotonin metabolism and theories on brain homeostasis to demonstrate the utility of larger drug library screens. Our dilution series and behavioral assays revealed that cave-dwelling populations show resistance to the anxiolytic effect of Buspirone and a surprising change in pentylenetetrazol effects at low and high doses. We are now analyzing the variation in behavior using high-speed kinematics to determine how these gene-drug interactions impact circuit choice and output. Our research describes a new gene-drug model for elucidating unknown interactions between pharmacology and the vertebrate genome. Keywords: Astyanax mexicanus, Behavioral genetics, Gene-drug interactions, Buspirone hydrochloride, mono-amine oxidase 1 (MAO), Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), Grin2B

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